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Impact funds remain a relatively new and evolving concept for many in the market. While they are often grouped under the broader umbrella of ESG or sustainability, they differ in a fundamental way. ESG investing typically channels capital into companies that present lower environmental, social, or governance risks—essentially aligning portfolios with sustainability themes. But impact investing has a framework that goes much further. It seeks to drive systemic change, not merely capture a 'sustainability bucket'.

The opening keynote at the International Corporate Governance Network's 30th anniversary conference in New York delivered a striking message. NYC Comptroller Brad Lander, overseeing $300 billion in pension assets, didn't mince his words: "If we don't do systemic stewardship, we'll lose billions of dollars in value."

Can it ever be ethical to inflict pain on animals? If so, under what circumstances? What if their suffering helps to discover a drug with the potential to save or transform millions of lives? What if testing an experimental drug or procedure on one group of animals helps to develop a treatment that will spare countless other animals from suffering? And, where there are viable alternatives, to what lengths should companies go to use them?